Psoriasis
Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory skin condition that affects approximately 2–3% of the world's population. It results from an overactive immune system causing skin cells to turn over much more rapidly than normal — in a matter of days rather than weeks — leading to a build-up of thick, scaly plaques on the skin's surface. Psoriasis is not contagious and is not caused by poor hygiene. It is a systemic condition with skin manifestations, and is associated with a range of other health problems beyond the skin.
Types
The most common form is plaque psoriasis (psoriasis vulgaris), characterised by well-defined, raised, red plaques covered with silvery-white scales, most typically affecting the scalp, elbows, knees, and lower back. Other types include guttate psoriasis (small, drop-shaped lesions, often triggered by a streptococcal throat infection), inverse psoriasis (affecting skin folds such as the groin, armpits, and under the breasts), pustular psoriasis (characterised by pus-filled blisters), and erythrodermic psoriasis (a rare, severe form involving widespread redness and shedding of the skin).
Associated conditions
Psoriatic arthritis — a chronic inflammatory joint disease — affects approximately 30% of people with psoriasis and can develop at any time, sometimes even before skin disease becomes apparent. It can cause significant joint damage and disability if untreated. People with psoriasis also have an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, and depression, reflecting the systemic nature of the underlying inflammation.
Triggers and course
Psoriasis is a relapsing-remitting condition — it tends to flare and then calm down, with periods of relative skin clearance. Common triggers include stress, certain medications (including beta-blockers, lithium, and antimalarials), skin injury (the Koebner phenomenon), infections, smoking, alcohol, and hormonal changes.
Choosing where to be treated
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